Policy Reference
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Policy Reference
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Enlargement of the European Union and Prospects for Korea-EU bilateral trade relations
The European Union is about to face its biggest challenge since the foundation of the European Economic Community in 1957. The challenge is integrating the countries which have applied to join the EU. The EU was built on the prin..
Chong Wha LEE et al. Date 2001.12.30
Economic integrationDownloadContentSummaryThe European Union is about to face its biggest challenge since the foundation of the European Economic Community in 1957. The challenge is integrating the countries which have applied to join the EU. The EU was built on the principle that economic forces must be harnessed to achieve stability and prosperity. It is now offering other European partners the opportunity to benefit from its model of integration. To date, 13 countries are candidates. These countries are: Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Romania, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Turkey. Accession negotiations have started with all of these countries. The gains from this unprecedented enlargement will be substantial, both for the acceding countries and current member states. (The rest is omitted.) -
The Information and Communications Technology Industry in Ireland: Development and Government Support Policy
The Korean ICT (Information and Communication Technology) industry has faced a recession following the worldwide slowdown of the ICT industry. But multinational companies, such as Nokia TMC, Korea HP, Korea IBM and Compaq Korea, a..
Yong-Gon Park Date 2001.12.30
Industrial policyDownloadContentSummaryThe Korean ICT (Information and Communication Technology) industry has faced a recession following the worldwide slowdown of the ICT industry. But multinational companies, such as Nokia TMC, Korea HP, Korea IBM and Compaq Korea, are expanding their investment in Korea and increasing their share in the Korean ICT industry. Therefore this study analyzes the successful case of Ireland's ICT industry and draws implications for the development of Korea's ICT industry.
Ireland was considered as a small agricultural country adjacent to the United Kingdom before its ICT industry had developed. But since the mid-1990's Ireland has achieved the highest economic growth rate among the OECD countries. This result did not occur from technology and export of Irish companies but from the investment of foreign companies. The Irish government provides foreign companies with various incentives, including low corporate tax, financial and technical assistance, and R&D assistance. Along with these investment incentives, English-speaking labor force, lower wages and low telecommunication costs help to attract foreign companies. (The rest is omitted.) -
Singapore's Development Strategy and Economic Growth : Performance and Challenges
Over the past four decades, Singapore has achieved rapid export-led growth with its industrialization which relied on foreign investments. The crucial contribution of Singaporean government has been to provide an efficient infrast..
Yul Kwon Date 2001.12.30
Economic opening, Economic developmentDownloadContentSummaryOver the past four decades, Singapore has achieved rapid export-led growth with its industrialization which relied on foreign investments. The crucial contribution of Singaporean government has been to provide an efficient infrastructure, tax incentives and a workforce attractive to foreign investor. And the government has adopted an activist industrial policy, promoting sectors and firms that were thought to have high growth potential, as well as selective interventions for flexible factor markets and macroeconomic stability. (The rest is omitted.) -
EMU and Enlargement
In January 1999, the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) was launched and the single European currency, the Euro, became the national currency of eleven EU countries. The EMU countries have finally reached the last phase of..
Hoo-Young Chung Date 2001.12.30
Economic integration, Monetary policyDownloadContentSummaryIn January 1999, the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) was launched and the single European currency, the Euro, became the national currency of eleven EU countries. The EMU countries have finally reached the last phase of the economic union, a project that was first initiated half a century ago. To arrive at this point, they went through various stages and systems such as the 'snake system' or the EMS, and now they have succeeded in adopting a single currency. The detailed plan for the EMU was formulated in the Maastricht Treaty. This treaty also stipulates that only the countries that fulfilled the economic convergence criteria, known as the Maastricht criteria, would be admitted to the last stage of EMU. (The rest is omitted.) -
Goverment Procurement of Multilateral and Implications for Korea
Government procurement refers to the purchase of goods or services used by the government for governmental purposes or use. The size of government procurement of a country typically is between 15% to 25% of its GDP. World Bank e..
Junsok Yang et al. Date 2001.12.30
DownloadContentSummaryGovernment procurement refers to the purchase of goods or services used by the government for governmental purposes or use. The size of government procurement of a country typically is between 15% to 25% of its GDP. World Bank estimates that in 1999, average final consumption by the government sector, which includes government procurement, was 16% for advanced countries and 14% for developing countries. OECD has estimated that, in 1998, total government expenditure, excluding wages and defense spending, reached $2.8 trillion dollars, which is equivalent to 7.1% of the world's total GDP, and is equivalent to 30.1% of world's goods and services exports. (The rest is omitted.) -
Market Analysis of Africa and the Expansion of Korea's Market Access to Africa
Market Analysis of Africa and the Expansion of Korea's Market Access to AfricaAs Africa has always been perceived as an unprofitable market, its potential for growth has been underestimated. Recently, however, it has emerged as an..
Young Ho Park Date 2001.12.30
DownloadContentSummaryMarket Analysis of Africa and the Expansion of Korea's Market Access to Africa
As Africa has always been perceived as an unprofitable market, its potential for growth has been underestimated. Recently, however, it has emerged as an attractive market that may offer tremendous growth. This expectation in Africa has grown as African countries have endeavored to change their political and economic systems to be more open, to integrate their markets, and to develop their foreign relations. Particularly, the current economic changes predict new trends in this region. The economic growth of Africa, which had remained at zero percent, recorded 5% growth in 1996, a figure above the global average. Although it declined in 1998 due to the Asian financial crisis, Africa still maintains its annual growth at above 3%. This growth may be immediately insufficient to establish economic development under Africa's deep poverty and poor economic structure, but it suggests Africa's optimistic future. Another factor to assure the growth of Africa is a changing perception of the continent from outside the world. According to the "African Growth and Opportunity Act" issued in October 2000, the US recognizes Africa as an economic partner rather than a continent that needs economic support as it has always been considered in the past. (The rest is omitted.) -
Railroad Cooperation between South and North Korea and Russia : Current Issues and Policy Tasks
Railroad Cooperation between South and North Korea and Russia: Current Issues and Policy TasksYeo-Cheon Jeong Proposals on tripartite economic cooperation between South and North Korea and Russia, initially made by the Russian go..
Yeo-Cheon Jeong Date 2001.12.30
Economic cooperation, North Korean economyDownloadContentSummaryRailroad Cooperation between South and North Korea and Russia: Current Issues and Policy TasksYeo-Cheon Jeong
Proposals on tripartite economic cooperation between South and North Korea and Russia, initially made by the Russian government in the 1990s, have recently been revived. Positive development in diplomatic relations between South and North Korea, and North Korea and Russia after a series of bilateral summit meetings since last year triggered discussions on economic cooperation between these three countries. Recently, discussions have focused on, among other things, cooperation in building a railroad. A Russian initiative to connect the Trans-Siberian Railroad (TSR) with the Trans-Korean Railroad (TKR) became the theme of the discussions. (The rest is omitted.) -
Main Issues in the WTO New Round Negotiations: The Korean Perspective
This report examines and suggests policy implications for the main issues at the WTO new round of negotiations: agriculture, liberalization of manufacturing service, anti-dumping, subsidy, regional trade agreements, TRIPS, environ..
Nakgyoon Choi et al. Date 2001.12.30
Multilateral negotiationsDownloadContentSummaryThis report examines and suggests policy implications for the main issues at the WTO new round of negotiations: agriculture, liberalization of manufacturing service, anti-dumping, subsidy, regional trade agreements, TRIPS, environment, investment, trade and labor.
The structure of the paper is as follows. Following the introduction, Section I discusses implications of WTO new round. Sections III-VI elaborate on main issues of WTO new round in agriculture (Section II), service (Section III), market access of commodity product (Section IV), international rules (Section V), new trade issues (Section VI) and electronic commerce (Section VII), respectively. The final section gives the main conclusions of the paper. -
New Trade Issues in the WTO New Round: Some Countries' Perspectives
Introduction WTO ministerial in Doha agreed to negotiate eventually new issues such as investment and transparency in government procurement and trade facilitation. Getting immediate negotiation for these new issues was at the t..
Chang-In Yoon et al. Date 2001.12.30
Multilateral negotiations, Trade policyDownloadContentSummaryIntroduction
WTO ministerial in Doha agreed to negotiate eventually new issues such as investment and transparency in government procurement and trade facilitation. Getting immediate negotiation for these new issues was at the top of the agenda of the trading power. They fell short of this objective being able to secure a commitment for negotiations on these issues only after the fifth ministerial in 2003, and only with a 'written consensus'from member countries. The reference of the WTO to the ILO was eliminated by being the ILO the appropriate forum for addressing labor and trade issues. The environment was one of the few issues that formed the basis of negotiation at the ministerial by the EU's demand for negotiation. Until recently, negotiations on trade and environment were a taboo subject in the WTO. This report examines and draw out policy implications for three issues: trade and environment; trade and investment; and trade and labor. (The rest is omitted.) -
Anti-Dumping Measures: Issues for Review in Trade Negotiations
One major complaint about antidumping measures has been that once they are effective, they remain forever. With an overall increase in outstanding measures over the last five years of a little less than 20%, it is significant that..
Chong Wha LEE Date 2001.12.30
TariffsDownloadContentSummaryOne major complaint about antidumping measures has been that once they are effective, they remain forever. With an overall increase in outstanding measures over the last five years of a little less than 20%, it is significant that the introduction of anti-dumping measures occurred simultaneously with the implementation of the sunset rules. Next, the WTO Anti-dumping Agreement generally requires the use of either 'average to average' or 'individual to individual' comparisons in calculation dumping margins in investigations. (The rest is omitted.)